El Espinal
El Espinal is a municipality of
Oaxaca
with 8,730 inhabitants
according to the 2020 Census.
Located at an altitude of 24 meters above sea level.
The average years of schooling is 10.9 years.
Total Population
8,730
Inhabitants (Census 2020)
Men / Women
4,239 / 4,491
48.6% / 51.4%
Schools
0
15 public,
4 private
Health
6
0 hospitals,
6 centers
Localities
72
Communities and settlements
Companies
475
Registered establishments
Demographics of El Espinal
Demographic structure of El Espinal according to the 2020 INEGI Population and Housing Census.
The population is composed of 1,905 people under 15 years old (21.8%),
5,692 people of working age (65.2%)
and 1,133 elderly over 65 years old (13%).
0-14 years
1,905
21.8% of the population
15-64 years
5,692
65.2% - Working age
65+ years
1,133
13% - Elderly
Dependency Ratio
53.4%
Dependents per 100 working-age people
Age Pyramid of El Espinal
| Age Group |
Men |
Women |
Total |
% of Total |
| 0-4 years |
301 |
300 |
601 |
6.9% |
| 5-9 years |
331 |
308 |
639 |
7.3% |
| 10-14 years |
326 |
339 |
665 |
7.6% |
| 15-19 years |
293 |
283 |
576 |
6.6% |
| 20-24 years |
272 |
266 |
538 |
6.2% |
| 25-29 years |
262 |
306 |
568 |
6.5% |
| 30-34 years |
343 |
313 |
656 |
7.5% |
| 35-39 years |
307 |
338 |
645 |
7.4% |
| 40-44 years |
281 |
338 |
619 |
7.1% |
| 45-49 years |
265 |
289 |
554 |
6.3% |
| 50-54 years |
247 |
298 |
545 |
6.2% |
| 55-59 years |
257 |
295 |
552 |
6.3% |
| 60-64 years |
203 |
236 |
439 |
5% |
| 65-69 years |
191 |
220 |
411 |
4.7% |
| 70-74 years |
146 |
123 |
269 |
3.1% |
| 75-79 years |
101 |
105 |
206 |
2.4% |
| 80-84 years |
51 |
71 |
122 |
1.4% |
| 85+ years |
62 |
63 |
125 |
1.4% |
Cultural Diversity and Migration in El Espinal
Population Origin
Born in State
7,828
89.7%
Born in Another State
882
10.1%
Lived in Another State in 2015
366
Recent migration
Average Live Births
2
Per woman (12+ years)
Indigenous Population
Speaks Indigenous Language
2,804
32.1% of the population
Bilingual (Indigenous + Spanish)
2,758
98.4% of indigenous language speakers
Indigenous Monolingual
24
Does not speak Spanish
Indigenous Households
5,935
229.7% of total households
Afro-Mexican Population
Afro-Mexicans
459
5.3% of the population
Men / Women
234 / 225
Afro-Mexicans by sex
Disability
With Limitation
1,088
12.5%
| Type of Disability | People |
|---|
| Motor |
245 |
| Visual |
156 |
| Hearing |
74 |
| Speech |
48 |
| Mental |
64 |
Education in El Espinal
Literacy and Schooling
In El Espinal, 366 people aged 15 and over can read and write
(36600%),
while 441 people have no schooling.
The average years of schooling is 10.9 years
(11.5 men, 10.3 women).
| Education Level |
Men |
Women |
Total |
% |
| No schooling |
160 |
281 |
441 |
44100% |
| Incomplete primary |
245 |
415 |
660 |
66000% |
| Complete primary |
233 |
278 |
511 |
51100% |
| Incomplete secondary |
90 |
71 |
161 |
16100% |
| Complete secondary |
440 |
523 |
963 |
96300% |
| Post-basic education (18+) |
2,014 |
1,875 |
3,889 |
388900% |
School Non-attendance
| Age Group | Not Attending School |
|---|
| 3-5 years | 33 |
| 6-11 years | 9 |
| 12-14 years | 13 |
Educational Facilities
The municipality has 0 educational facilities,
of which 15 are public and
4 are private.
View complete list of schools.
Employment and Social Security in El Espinal
In El Espinal, the Economically Active Population (EAP) is 4,110 people.
Of those, 4,019 are employed and 91 are unemployed,
representing an unemployment rate of 2.2%.
Total EAP
4,110
H: 2,361 /
M: 1,749
Employed Population
4,019
H: 2,293 /
M: 1,726
Unemployment Rate
2.2%
91 unemployed people
Economically Inactive
3,105
H: 1,110 /
M: 1,995
Health Service Coverage
| Institution | Beneficiaries | % of Population |
|---|
| With health coverage (total) |
6,972 |
79.9% |
| IMSS |
1,699 |
19.5% |
| ISSSTE |
2,723 |
31.2% |
| ISSSTE estatal |
12 |
0.1% |
| Pemex, Defensa o Marina |
520 |
6% |
| Seguro Popular / INSABI |
1,993 |
22.8% |
| IMSS Bienestar |
13 |
0.1% |
| Private insurance |
104 |
1.2% |
| Other institution |
59 |
0.7% |
| Without health coverage |
1,758 |
20.1% |
Marital Status and Religion in El Espinal
Marital Status (Population 12+)
Married/Common-law
4,135
413500%
Separated/Divorced/Widowed
1,023
102300%
Households
Total Households
2,584
3.4 average occupants
Religion
| Religion | People | % |
|---|
| Catholic |
5,836 |
66.8% |
| Protestant / Evangelical Christian |
1,551 |
17.8% |
| Other religions |
17 |
0.2% |
| No religion |
1,321 |
15.1% |
Housing and Basic Services in El Espinal
El Espinal has 3,244 total dwellings,
of which 2,584 are inhabited.
The average number of occupants per dwelling is 3.4 people.
Housing Characteristics
| Characteristic | Dwellings | % |
|---|
| Non-earthen floor |
2,512 |
97.5% |
| Earthen floor |
53 |
2.1% |
| 1 bedroom |
930 |
36.1% |
| 2+ bedrooms |
1,635 |
63.5% |
| 1 room |
177 |
6.9% |
| 2 rooms |
379 |
14.7% |
| 3+ rooms |
2,009 |
78% |
Basic Services
With Electricity
98.3%
2,532 dwellings
Piped Water
97.1%
2,502 dwellings
With Drainage
98.3%
2,531 dwellings
All Services
95.6%
2,463 dwellings
| Service | Dwellings | % |
|---|
| With electricity |
2,532 |
98.3% |
| Without electricity |
34 |
1.3% |
| Public water network |
2,502 |
97.1% |
| Hauled water |
2,408 |
93.5% |
| Other water source |
64 |
2.5% |
| With water tank |
1,492 |
57.9% |
| With cistern |
393 |
15.3% |
| With toilet |
2,522 |
97.9% |
| With latrine |
5 |
0.2% |
| With drainage |
2,531 |
98.3% |
| Without drainage |
35 |
1.4% |
| With all services |
2,463 |
95.6% |
| Without water, drainage or electricity |
6 |
0.2% |
Goods and Technology in El Espinal
Household equipment in El Espinal according to the 2020 Census.
55.7% of dwellings have internet
and 90.5% have a cell phone.
Appliances
| Item | Dwellings | % |
|---|
| Refrigerator |
2,387 |
92.7% |
| Washing machine |
2,054 |
79.7% |
| Microwave oven |
1,061 |
41.2% |
Vehicles
| Vehicle | Dwellings | % |
|---|
| Car or truck |
1,171 |
45.5% |
| Motorcycle |
382 |
14.8% |
| Bicycle |
1,093 |
42.4% |
Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
| Technology | Dwellings | % |
|---|
| Television |
2,315 |
89.9% |
| Radio |
1,523 |
59.1% |
| Landline phone |
974 |
37.8% |
| Cell phone |
2,331 |
90.5% |
| Computer |
1,153 |
44.8% |
| Internet |
1,435 |
55.7% |
| Pay TV |
1,566 |
60.8% |
| Streaming platforms |
372 |
14.4% |
| Video game console |
150 |
5.8% |
Technology Deprivation
No Landline or Cell Phone
174
6.8%
No Computer or Internet
950
36.9%
Companies and Economy in El Espinal
The main economic sectors of El Espinal are
Comercio al por menor with 193 establishments,
followed by Otros servicios excepto actividades gubernamentales.
View complete business statistics.
Poverty and Social Development in El Espinal
According to CONEVAL indicators for 2015,
El Espinal has a poverty rate of 34.2%
and extreme poverty of 3.9%.
Poverty
34.2%
3,021 people
Extreme Poverty
3.9%
341 people
Vulnerable by Deprivations
25.1%
2,211 people
Vulnerable by Income
8.6%
757 people
Not Poor or Vulnerable
32.1%
2,835 people
Social Deprivations (CONEVAL 2015)
| Deprivation | % | People |
|---|
| Educational lag |
17.8% |
1,569 |
| Lack of access to health services |
14.4% |
1,270 |
| Lack of access to social security |
44.4% |
3,920 |
| Lack of housing quality and spaces |
7.5% |
665 |
| Lack of access to basic housing services |
9.4% |
832 |
| Lack of access to food |
16.7% |
1,473 |
| Income below welfare line |
42.8% |
3,778 |
| Income below minimum welfare line |
15.6% |
1,380 |
Poverty Trends
| Year |
Poverty |
Extreme Poverty |
Vulnerable Deprivations |
Not Poor |
Gini |
| 2010 |
39.2% |
6.4% |
15% |
32.9% |
0 |
| 2015 |
34.2% |
3.9% |
25.1% |
32.1% |
0 |
Crime in El Espinal
In the last 12 months, 73 crimes were recorded in El Espinal.
View detailed crime statistics.
| Period | Total Crimes |
|---|
| 2025/12 |
7 |
| 2025/11 |
7 |
| 2025/10 |
2 |
| 2025/09 |
6 |
| 2025/08 |
8 |
| 2025/07 |
6 |
| 2025/06 |
9 |
| 2025/05 |
7 |
| 2025/04 |
4 |
| 2025/03 |
2 |
| 2025/02 |
8 |
| 2025/01 |
7 |
Main Localities of El Espinal
Similar Municipalities to El Espinal
Other municipalities in Oaxaca with similar characteristics: