Espinal
Espinal is a municipality of
Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave
with 26,830 inhabitants
according to the 2020 Census.
Located at an altitude of 91 meters above sea level.
The average years of schooling is 7.5 years.
Total Population
26,830
Inhabitants (Census 2020)
Men / Women
13,021 / 13,809
48.5% / 51.5%
Schools
0
128 public,
0 private
Health
21
2 hospitals,
19 centers
Localities
71
Communities and settlements
Companies
618
Registered establishments
Demographics of Espinal
Demographic structure of Espinal according to the 2020 INEGI Population and Housing Census.
The population is composed of 7,249 people under 15 years old (27%),
16,726 people of working age (62.3%)
and 2,845 elderly over 65 years old (10.6%).
0-14 years
7,249
27% of the population
15-64 years
16,726
62.3% - Working age
65+ years
2,845
10.6% - Elderly
Dependency Ratio
60.3%
Dependents per 100 working-age people
Age Pyramid of Espinal
| Age Group |
Men |
Women |
Total |
% of Total |
| 0-4 years |
1,114 |
1,149 |
2,263 |
8.4% |
| 5-9 years |
1,273 |
1,186 |
2,459 |
9.2% |
| 10-14 years |
1,289 |
1,238 |
2,527 |
9.4% |
| 15-19 years |
1,215 |
1,187 |
2,402 |
9% |
| 20-24 years |
838 |
907 |
1,745 |
6.5% |
| 25-29 years |
809 |
1,008 |
1,817 |
6.8% |
| 30-34 years |
837 |
1,050 |
1,887 |
7% |
| 35-39 years |
835 |
935 |
1,770 |
6.6% |
| 40-44 years |
794 |
874 |
1,668 |
6.2% |
| 45-49 years |
706 |
873 |
1,579 |
5.9% |
| 50-54 years |
684 |
784 |
1,468 |
5.5% |
| 55-59 years |
637 |
662 |
1,299 |
4.8% |
| 60-64 years |
527 |
564 |
1,091 |
4.1% |
| 65-69 years |
496 |
490 |
986 |
3.7% |
| 70-74 years |
377 |
338 |
715 |
2.7% |
| 75-79 years |
282 |
267 |
549 |
2% |
| 80-84 years |
146 |
147 |
293 |
1.1% |
| 85+ years |
158 |
144 |
302 |
1.1% |
Cultural Diversity and Migration in Espinal
Population Origin
Born in State
24,859
92.7%
Born in Another State
1,909
7.1%
Lived in Another State in 2015
538
Recent migration
Average Live Births
2.5
Per woman (12+ years)
Indigenous Population
Speaks Indigenous Language
9,118
34% of the population
Bilingual (Indigenous + Spanish)
8,688
95.3% of indigenous language speakers
Indigenous Monolingual
404
Does not speak Spanish
Indigenous Households
14,424
196.4% of total households
Afro-Mexican Population
Afro-Mexicans
2,165
8.1% of the population
Men / Women
1,059 / 1,106
Afro-Mexicans by sex
Disability
With Disability
1,411
5.3%
With Limitation
2,913
10.9%
| Type of Disability | People |
|---|
| Motor |
609 |
| Visual |
656 |
| Hearing |
418 |
| Speech |
255 |
| Mental |
279 |
Education in Espinal
Literacy and Schooling
In Espinal, 2,969 people aged 15 and over can read and write
(296900%),
while 2,920 people have no schooling.
The average years of schooling is 7.5 years
(7.6 men, 7.4 women).
| Education Level |
Men |
Women |
Total |
% |
| No schooling |
1,209 |
1,711 |
2,920 |
292000% |
| Incomplete primary |
1,535 |
1,428 |
2,963 |
296300% |
| Complete primary |
1,201 |
1,341 |
2,542 |
254200% |
| Incomplete secondary |
248 |
264 |
512 |
51200% |
| Complete secondary |
2,014 |
2,192 |
4,206 |
420600% |
| Post-basic education (18+) |
2,754 |
2,920 |
5,674 |
567400% |
School Non-attendance
| Age Group | Not Attending School |
|---|
| 3-5 years | 413 |
| 6-11 years | 95 |
| 12-14 years | 111 |
Educational Facilities
The municipality has 0 educational facilities,
of which 128 are public and
0 are private.
View complete list of schools.
Employment and Social Security in Espinal
In Espinal, the Economically Active Population (EAP) is 12,831 people.
Of those, 12,770 are employed and 61 are unemployed,
representing an unemployment rate of 0.5%.
Total EAP
12,831
H: 8,054 /
M: 4,777
Employed Population
12,770
H: 8,008 /
M: 4,762
Unemployment Rate
0.5%
61 unemployed people
Economically Inactive
8,109
H: 1,977 /
M: 6,132
Health Service Coverage
| Institution | Beneficiaries | % of Population |
|---|
| With health coverage (total) |
19,323 |
72% |
| IMSS |
1,156 |
4.3% |
| ISSSTE |
970 |
3.6% |
| ISSSTE estatal |
14 |
0.1% |
| Pemex, Defensa o Marina |
180 |
0.7% |
| Seguro Popular / INSABI |
16,711 |
62.3% |
| IMSS Bienestar |
295 |
1.1% |
| Private insurance |
44 |
0.2% |
| Other institution |
37 |
0.1% |
| Without health coverage |
7,489 |
27.9% |
Marital Status and Religion in Espinal
Marital Status (Population 12+)
Married/Common-law
12,337
1233700%
Separated/Divorced/Widowed
2,315
231500%
Households
Total Households
7,344
3.7 average occupants
Female-headed
2,116
28.8%
Religion
| Religion | People | % |
|---|
| Catholic |
20,430 |
76.1% |
| Protestant / Evangelical Christian |
4,026 |
15% |
| No religion |
2,325 |
8.7% |
Housing and Basic Services in Espinal
Espinal has 8,869 total dwellings,
of which 7,346 are inhabited.
The average number of occupants per dwelling is 3.7 people.
Housing Characteristics
| Characteristic | Dwellings | % |
|---|
| Non-earthen floor |
6,633 |
91.2% |
| Earthen floor |
670 |
9.2% |
| 1 bedroom |
3,013 |
41.4% |
| 2+ bedrooms |
4,290 |
59% |
| 1 room |
804 |
11.1% |
| 2 rooms |
1,486 |
20.4% |
| 3+ rooms |
5,013 |
68.9% |
Basic Services
With Electricity
99%
7,203 dwellings
Piped Water
74.5%
5,418 dwellings
With Drainage
79.1%
5,757 dwellings
All Services
59.7%
4,341 dwellings
| Service | Dwellings | % |
|---|
| With electricity |
7,203 |
99% |
| Without electricity |
100 |
1.4% |
| Public water network |
5,418 |
74.5% |
| Hauled water |
3,545 |
48.7% |
| Other water source |
1,885 |
25.9% |
| With water tank |
3,207 |
44.1% |
| With cistern |
539 |
7.4% |
| With toilet |
4,783 |
65.8% |
| With latrine |
2,349 |
32.3% |
| With drainage |
5,757 |
79.1% |
| Without drainage |
1,546 |
21.3% |
| With all services |
4,341 |
59.7% |
| Without water, drainage or electricity |
34 |
0.5% |
Goods and Technology in Espinal
Household equipment in Espinal according to the 2020 Census.
15.6% of dwellings have internet
and 64.4% have a cell phone.
Appliances
| Item | Dwellings | % |
|---|
| Refrigerator |
5,597 |
76.9% |
| Washing machine |
3,124 |
42.9% |
| Microwave oven |
1,045 |
14.4% |
Vehicles
| Vehicle | Dwellings | % |
|---|
| Car or truck |
1,255 |
17.3% |
| Motorcycle |
436 |
6% |
| Bicycle |
1,244 |
17.1% |
Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
| Technology | Dwellings | % |
|---|
| Television |
6,241 |
85.8% |
| Radio |
3,860 |
53.1% |
| Landline phone |
926 |
12.7% |
| Cell phone |
4,682 |
64.4% |
| Computer |
658 |
9% |
| Internet |
1,133 |
15.6% |
| Pay TV |
629 |
8.6% |
| Streaming platforms |
114 |
1.6% |
| Video game console |
43 |
0.6% |
Technology Deprivation
No Landline or Cell Phone
2,313
31.8%
No Computer or Internet
5,923
81.4%
Companies and Economy in Espinal
The main economic sectors of Espinal are
Comercio al por menor with 313 establishments,
followed by Otros servicios excepto actividades gubernamentales.
View complete business statistics.
Poverty and Social Development in Espinal
According to CONEVAL indicators for 2015,
Espinal has a poverty rate of 75.3%
and extreme poverty of 25.4%.
Poverty
75.3%
21,936 people
Extreme Poverty
25.4%
7,400 people
Vulnerable by Deprivations
21.5%
6,269 people
Vulnerable by Income
0.5%
152 people
Not Poor or Vulnerable
2.7%
787 people
Social Deprivations (CONEVAL 2015)
| Deprivation | % | People |
|---|
| Educational lag |
29.2% |
8,500 |
| Lack of access to health services |
15% |
4,372 |
| Lack of access to social security |
86.4% |
25,194 |
| Lack of housing quality and spaces |
26.6% |
7,742 |
| Lack of access to basic housing services |
82.4% |
24,023 |
| Lack of access to food |
39.2% |
11,438 |
| Income below welfare line |
75.8% |
22,088 |
| Income below minimum welfare line |
37.1% |
10,823 |
Poverty Trends
| Year |
Poverty |
Extreme Poverty |
Vulnerable Deprivations |
Not Poor |
Gini |
| 2010 |
84.8% |
45.1% |
11.1% |
3% |
0 |
| 2015 |
75.3% |
25.4% |
21.5% |
2.7% |
0 |
Crime in Espinal
In the last 12 months, 127 crimes were recorded in Espinal.
View detailed crime statistics.
| Period | Total Crimes |
|---|
| 2025/12 |
9 |
| 2025/11 |
9 |
| 2025/10 |
9 |
| 2025/09 |
20 |
| 2025/08 |
9 |
| 2025/07 |
14 |
| 2025/06 |
5 |
| 2025/05 |
15 |
| 2025/04 |
13 |
| 2025/03 |
7 |
| 2025/02 |
11 |
| 2025/01 |
6 |
Main Localities of Espinal
Similar Municipalities to Espinal
Other municipalities in Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave with similar characteristics: